Industry Profit & Loss Glossary

Business Revenue in this format includes receipts from core business operations and interest income (Gov't) from private sources. Interest Income from government sources and Other income (such as rents and royalties) are generally detailed separately below Operating Income.

Cost of Sales includes materials and labor involved in the direct delivery of a product or service. Other costs are included in the cost of sales to the extent that they are involved in bringing goods to their location and condition ready to be sold. Non-production overheads such as development costs may be attributable to the cost of goods sold. The costs of services provided will consist primarily of personnel directly engaged in providing the service, including supervisory personnel and attributable overhead.

Gross Margin represents direct operating expenses plus net profit. In addition to the labor portion of Cost of Sales, wage costs are reflected in the Officers Compensation and Wages-Salary line items. In many cases, SG&A (Sales, General and Administrative) costs also include some overhead, administrative and supervisory wages.

Rent covers the rental cost of any business property, including land, buildings and equipment.

The Taxes paid line item includes payroll other paid-in tax items. Although it can be calculated in many ways and is a controversial measure, the EBITDA line item (Earnings before Interest Expense, income tax due, Depreciation and Amortization) adds back interest payments, depreciation, amortization and depletion allowances, and excludes income taxes due to reduce the effect of accounting decisions on the bottom line of the Profit and Loss Statement.

Advertising includes advertising, promotion and publicity for the reporting business, but not on behalf of others.

Benefits-Pension includes, but is not limited to, employee health care and retirement costs.

In addition to varying proportions of overhead, administrative and supervisory wages, some generally more minor expenses are aggregated under SG&A (Sales, General and Administrative).

Operating Expenses sums the individual expense line items above, yielding the

Operating Income or net of core business operations, when subtracted from the Gross Margin, and before the addition of Other Income and Interest Income and Interest Expense.

The EBITDA line item (Earnings before Interest Expense, income tax due, Depreciation and Amortization) adds back interest payments, depreciation, amortization and depletion allowances, and excludes income taxes due to reduce the effect of accounting decisions on the bottom line of the Profit and Loss Statement.

Pre-Tax Net Profit represents net profit before income tax which will be assessed, in the case of small business s-corporations, after adding into any other personal owner income. After Tax Net Profit deducts Income Tax owed from the pre-tax net.